Which management theory argues that employees are inherently lazy and require close supervision?

• A. McGregor's Theory X
• B. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• C. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
• D. McGregor's Theory Y

Answer: (A)

This question tests understanding of managers’ views on how people work, especially McGregor’s ideas about motivation. The phrase about employees being inherently lazy and needing close supervision aligns with Theory X, which assumes people dislike work, avoid responsibility, and must be directed and controlled to perform. Under Theory X, managers rely on tight supervision, explicit directions, and external pressure to get results. Theory Y, by contrast, believes people can be self-motivated and capable of self-direction when given the right conditions. Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on needs at different levels, and Herzberg’s theory differentiates hygiene factors from motivators rather than labeling people as lazy or requiring supervision. So the correct interpretation is Theory X.