Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in education or activities that receive federal funding. In which contexts does Title IX apply?

• A. In athletic programs only
• B. In private clubs
• C. In education or activities that receive federal funding
• D. In state civil service exams

Answer: (C)

Title IX protects against sex discrimination in any education program or activity that receives federal funding. That means the reach covers schools, colleges, universities, and any program or activity within those institutions that is funded with federal dollars—such as classes, admissions processes, student services, and athletics tied to that funding. Private clubs or departments that don’t receive federal funds aren’t automatically covered, and state civil service exams aren’t included unless they’re part of a federally funded education program. So the applicable contexts are education or activities that receive federal funding.